A picture is worth a thousand centimorgans

These are my mother's paternal grandparents (thus, my great-grandparents), Markus Hanna and Zahra Solomon:

They originate from Shebbah, in Lebanon, which makes getting documentation for them and their families rather hard to come by for an armchair Internet researcher like myself, who doesn't even speak Arabic. Therefore, so far in my research, I've been relying on family oral history combined with documentation from the countries that they and their families immigrated to.

One marvellous source of family oral history is the notes that my grandfather took when interviewing his sister Jean about the Hanna family history. I wrote extensively about one of the research rabbit holes that these notes led me to in an earlier post, Who the heck is Zaidain?

Here are a few fantastic pictures of my grandfather (honestly I don't think he took bad pictures ever):

And here are some pictures of his sister Jean:

Oh heck, here's the whole family: Marcus and Zahra, with their children Mary, John, George, Nick, and, youngest of all, my grandfather Constantine, aka Ted:

One of the hints in Auntie Jean's family notes was about Markus's oldest brother Nicola and his family. In doing research on that side of the family (see above-linked blog post for all the gory details), I added a whole bunch of incidental people to my tree - people who were not related to me, but to Nicola's wife Annie. Even people who were only related to Annie by marriage made it into my tree as I followed the paper trail.

One of these people was the first wife of Annie's nephew Joseph, whose name was Karimy Shaar. Joseph's second wife was named Salamia Shaar - I theorized she could be a sister of Karimy but had no way of proving it. But I was able to find out a bit about Salamia's family - her parents were Camille Shaar and Farida Saumah, for example.

This was a real side deviation from my own research, obviously, but all these people were from Shebbah, which is a small town, and it's entirely possible that there were family connections to be discovered that I didn't know about yet, so I put all these people in my tree anyway, even if they weren't (yet) related to me.

This turned out to be a very smart decision, because late last year, I was contacted by a gentleman who wanted to know why I had his grandfather Camille Shaar in my tree. I explained that there was no real connection except by two marriages, and happened to mention my theory that Camille's daughter Salamia was the sister of her husband's first wife, Karimy.

No no, this gentleman assured me, Karimy was the daughter of Shaheen Shaar, not Camille Shaar.

But...wait.

Shaheen Shaar? Because I had a Shaheen Shaar in my tree already!

Like...the Shaheen Shaar, who was also known as Michel Charles, who married my great-grandmother Zahra's sister Kharma Solomon?!?

Yes, he responded, the very same.

Mind. Blown.

Suddenly I had intertwining connections on my tree that I had never known were there! I knew of several children of Kharma and Michel, but did not know that Karimy was one of them! But my contact was quite sure. (In fact, he also mentioned that Karimy and Salamia were connected as first cousins once removed, because Shaheen/Michel was Camille's nephew.)

This information of course made Karimy much more than my great-granduncle's wife's nephew's first wife. She was actually my great-grandmother's niece! This great-grandmother:

This also meant that Karimy was a first cousin to my grandfather! This grandfather:

Karimy would therefore also have been a first cousin to my grandfather's oldest sister Mary:

And his other older sister Jean:

And all his brothers:

Such as his brother George:

It also meant that Karimy is a first cousin once removed of my mother, and all her siblings, for example, my late uncle Mark:

Now, as nice as all this was, I had zero documentary evidence - just some person who contacted me out of the blue on the Internet. But I put the connections in my tree anyway and resolved to (hopefully) find documentation to confirm or refute it in the future.

As a start, I took a look at everything I had on Karimy Shaar.

As mentioned, she was one of two wives - she had a few children, then died, and then her husband remarried and had more children. And all of them up and moved from Canada to Australia around 1925 (so that Joseph could be with his aunt Annie, because her only child Ferris had died and she was alone in Australia with nobody).

Joseph and Karimy's oldest son was Felix Joseph Hanna. And he actually has a WWII military record available at the National Archives of Australia! This was actually new information, because when I originally went looking for information about him, only the index of his WWII record was available; but in the intervening time, someone must have paid for the whole file to be scanned, which meant it was now publicly available (the NAA are amazing that way).

And this newly-accessible military record? Includes a picture.

Felix looks like this:

When I saw this picture, my mind was blown. He looks like EVERYBODY I know who is related to my great-grandmother Zahra (who is Felix's grandaunt). I've shown this picture to a variety of individuals in my own family, and their reactions were all the same - they started naming people that he looks like.

Of course I still want documentation to connect Karimy as the daughter of my great-grandaunt Kharma, but honestly, my heart doesn't need it - this picture says it all.

Who the heck is Zaidain?

When I was a teenager and just starting in on this genealogy thing, my grandfather (considerably younger than his siblings and the only one not born in Lebanon) got his sister Jean to write (or maybe dictate) what she could remember of their father's side of the family. These notes are wonderful. Here is some of the information contained in them:

My great-grandfather Markus Hanna was the youngest of five children: Nicola, Roomiyee, George, Rahmee, and, of course, himself. They were all from Shebaa, in Lebanon (Syria at the time). As Christians, they faced persecution there, and were therefore keen on making a better life for themselves in the New World. Markus' oldest brother, Nicola, chose Australia as his new home. He and his wife and their son Ferris moved there in the 1880s. Ferris was educated both at the University of Beirut in Lebanon and in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 

Now, Auntie Jean didn't mention Nicola's wife's name at all; the only information we have on her is a little note in the margin that she was "aunt to Zaidain". The notes contain zero explanation for who the heck this Zaidain is; clearly it's something Auntie Jean expected her audience to know.

Unfortunately, when I tried to follow my great-granduncle Nicola's branch of the family in Australia, I came up empty-handed. Until one day, I was contacted by a researcher who had seen my tree online and told me that the family I was looking for didn't go by the name Hanna (as my family did), but Nicholl. And also, Nicola's wife's name was Annie.

Okay, I thought, whatever. That's nice, but what proof do I have that this is true? However, a lead is a lead, so I followed it.

And down a rabbit hole I went!

It was not at all hard to find the Annie Nicholl this researcher was talking about. Firstly, we have this obituary which appeared in The Argus (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) on 7 June 1930:

NICHOLL--On the 4th June, 1930, at Carlton, Annie, widow of the late Nicholl Hannah Nicholl, loved mother of the late Faris Nicholl, beloved auntie of Joseph Hannah, aged 78 years. (No flowers, by request.) At rest.

This obituary seems very much like it's connected to my family. We have a family described here where the father's name was Nicholl (an anglicized variation of Nicola), and included the name Hannah; and whose son's name was Faris (Ferris); and Annie died in Carlton, which is a suburb of Melbourne, which is where my Ferris Hanna was said to have been educated. Moreover, this Annie's age of 78 at death in 1930 gives her a birth year of about 1852 - this works decently since my Nicola Hanna (who would be Annie's husband if the connection is true) was supposed to have been born around 1840. A twelve-year age gap between spouses is quite unremarkable in this culture; my own great-grandmother Zahra, Markus' wife, was fourteen years his junior. (In fact, they met because she was a 14-year-old student in his classroom and he was smitten. Incredibly creepy by today's standards, but they were married for over 70 years, and were by all accounts deliriously happy together.)

At any rate, this was very promising, so it was definitely time to do a little more digging into the life of this Annie Nicholl.

Since we can see from this obituary that her son Faris predeceased her, I went looking for information about his death. Turns out, his obituary was also printed in The Argus, on 18 February 1925:

NICHOLL--On the 16th February 1925 (suddenly, at his residence, 235 Lygon street, Carlton, Faris, dearly beloved son of Annie and the late Nichola Nicholl, aged 48 years.

So here we have, again, documentation for the family of Nichola, Annie and Faris Nicholl. We also have an approximate birth year of 1877 for Faris.

This led me to an incredible resource available online: Annie Nicholl's naturalization file. The documents in this file are definitely about the same person as the Annie Nicholl I'd been looking into, as it -- like Faris' obituary -- gives her address as 235 Lygon Street. Moreover, the documents in the file give her son's name as Fares. 

The file is an absolute treasure trove of information, and makes the connection to my family all the more likely, as it gives Annie's birthplace as "Shippah, Hasbyah District, Syria (Mount Hermon)" -- that's my family's ancestral village of Shebaa. 

The file also says that she was a manufacturer of women's underclothes; that she came to Australia in 1896; and that her father's name was Joseph Habeeb.

As a fun aside, I also found an article in The Brisbane Courier on 30 September 1903 entitled "A Courageous Constable", which could be about this Annie Nicholl that I was investigating:

A Syrian woman named Mrs. Nicholls was driving a horse attached to a dog-cart along Petrie-terrace yesterday afternoon, when the animal shied at a passing tramcar near the Caxton-street corner. A man named Henry Davis caught hold of the reins, but the horse reared, the winkers came off, and the animal bolted towards Roma-street, throwing Davis to the ground, but fortunately not injuring him. The cart shortly aftwards collided with a post, breaking the axle, and one of the wheels came off. The horse still continued to gallop along the road, and when near the bridge at Roma-street dragged the cart on to the footpath and headed straight for the fence. The woman, meanwhile, had maintained her seat in the vehicle. Constable Scanlon, however, recognising the danger the woman was in, rushed between the horse and the fence, and struck the animal on the nose, causing it to swerve out towards the roadway. He then attempted to rescue the woman, but she was apparently too terrified to render any assistance, and clung to the reins. The horse then continued bolting along Roma-street, with the constable in chase, and when near Skew-street Constable Scanlon overhauled the horse, and seizing the reins managed to stop the animal. The woman was then helped from the cart, frightened, but unhurt.

The amazing thing about this story is that in the naturalization file, one of Annie's guarantors was a John Edward Scanlon, sergeant of police, who in 1914 (about eleven years after the above article) said he had known Annie for twelve years!!! 

The only part of the story that I can't reconcile is the location of Brisbane as opposed to Melbourne - the incident was reported in a Brisbane newspaper and also definitely happened in Brisbane, as I checked Google Maps. All the streets mentioned (Petrie Terrace, Caxton St., Roma St., and Skew St.) all lie within about a kilometre of one another, and Petrie and Caxton do intersect, as do Roma and Skew. Possibly this is all a coincidence and this Syrian Mrs. Nicholls who met a Constable Scanlon in 1903 is a totally different person from the Annie Nicholls I'm researching who had a Sergeant Scanlon vouching for her in 1914. Another possibility is that they're the same woman and Annie simply lived in Brisbane before moving to Melbourne, or was visiting Brisbane from Melbourne.

But anyway, back to the real nitty-gritty...

There are a few more sources I found that round out the story for this Annie Nicholl, and confirm existing documentation:

• Annie's notice of intent to apply for naturalization, which appeared in The Argus on 25 January 1921:

  I, ANNIE NICHOLL (widow), of Syrian nationality, born at Shippah, Mount Hermon, Syria, and resident twenty-five years in Australia, now residing at 235 Lygon street, Carlton, intend to APPLY to the Home and Territories department, Melbourne, for NATURALISATION.

• The death index for Fares, which gives his parents as Nicholas Nicholls and Annie Hablap (obviously a horrendous transcription error of Habeeb).
• Australian Electoral rolls for 1924, which show Fares and Annie again at 235 Lygon Street.

And then things get even more interesting. There's a personal notice which appears in The Argus on 23 August 1930:

Mrs. Annie Nicholl, of Drummond street, Carlton, widow, who died on June 6, left by will dated September 16, 1929, real estate of a gross value of #20,279 and personal property of a gross value of #106 to her nephew, Joseph Abdullah Hannah, of Drummond street, Carlton. The will was lodged for probate yesterday. The real estate includes properties in Russell street, Melbourne.

#20,279 in 1930? According to this calculator, that's the equivalent of over a million dollars today! Wow. Apparently the underclothing manufacturing business was very profitable. (Incidentally, Annie was busted for, by the sounds of it, running a sweatshop, according to an article in The Argus on 31 July 1901; she pled guilty to "employing three improvers in excess of the number allowed under the Factories and Shops Act" and paid a fine of #1, with #2/2/costs.)

But the real takeaways from this newspaper item about Annie's will are that she seemed to be living with her nephew Joseph Abdullah Hannah (who was also mentioned in her obituary), and that he was her sole heir. The facts that he's her nephew and that his middle name is Abdullah suggest that he is also Lebanese/Syrian. So he seemed to be a key person to investigate next.

The 1931 Australia Electoral Rolls provide a match: there is a Joseph Hannah living at Drummund Street in Carlton, the same street of residence given in the newspaper notice about Annie's will. Joseph is also listed there as a manufacturer, implying that he took over Annie's business. Then in 1936, Joseph is joined on the rolls (still at Drummond Street) by a Felix Joseph Hannah, at the same address. The likelihood is that this is Joseph's son. I know from my research into my Lebanese ancestors that the convention in this culture is for the last part of a person's name to be the name of their father. So for example, my great-grandmother Zahra, whose father was Khalil Solomon, was given in records as "Zahra Khalil Solomon". Therefore, with a name like Felix Joseph Hannah, his father is likely to be Joseph Hanna. (And incidentally, if Joseph's full name is Joseph Abdullah Hanna, then his father is likely to be Abdullah Hanna.)

Moving on, the National Archives of Australia website came through again, with an index listing of Felix Joseph Hannah's WWII enlistment record. It gives his full name, Felix Joseph Hannah, and states that his date of birth was 14 August 1913. This explains why Felix didn't show up on the 1931 electoral rolls as he was about 18, yet did show up in 1936, when he was 23; according to this Australia government page, the voting age was 21 until 1973. Felix's next of kin is listed as Alma Hannah (likely either his wife or his mother), and, most interestingly, his birthplace is listed as St. Felix, Canada.

Interesting. Because of course we know that my great-granduncle Nicola, his wife, and their son Ferris had some family in Canada, i.e. my branch of the family! And maybe they had even more family in Canada on Nicola's wife's side, too - Quebec was a major destination for Lebanese people at the turn of the 20th century, lots of people from Shebaa ended up there. And indeed, Felix's baptism record is incredibly easy to find in Quebec, and is a beautiful match:

St. Felix de Valois, County Joliette, province of Quebec
Le quatorze août mil neuf cent treize, nous prètre-curé soussigné, avons baptisé Felix Joseph né aujourd'hui, fils légitime du Joseph Hanna, marchand et du Maria Chaarre, de cette paroisse. Le parrain a été John Hanna, marchand de cette paroisse, oncle de l'infant, la marrain Alida Robertson, domicilié en cette paroisse, lesquels ainsi que le père ont signé avec nous, lecture faite.
signatures: Joseph A Hanna, Jhon (sic) A Hanna, Alida Robinson.

Translated, this says that Felix Joseph Hanna was born and baptised on the 14th of August 1913 (the exact date given in the Australian WWII enlistment record). He was the son of Joseph Hanna (merchant) and Maria Chaarre, who lived in the parish of St. Felix (the exact birth location given in the Australian WWII enlistment record). The godfather was the baby's uncle, John Hanna, and the godmother was Alida Robinson, who lived in St. Felix. 

This record places Joseph and his family in Canada in 1913, even though by 1930 they were in Australia with Annie Nicholl.

I kept looking for other records in Quebec which had to do with Joseph Hanna and his family:

• There's a baptism record for "Marie Dorice Hanna", this time in St. Zenon, County Berthier, Quebec. It was dated 15 November 1918 (birth and baptism on the same day), and her parents were given as Joseph Hanna, merchant, and Karemy Shaar, living in the parish. I would ordinarily be hesitant to accept that this was a definite sibling match to Felix's baptism record (since the mother's first name is given as Karemy rather than Maria, although the maiden name Shaar vs. Chaarre is a match), were it not for the fact that the signature for Joseph Hanna on Marie Dorice's baptism record is absolutely the same as the one on Felix's.
• Unfortunately, immediately below Marie Dorice's baptism record is a burial record for Karimy Shaar, dated a week after Marie Dorice's birth and baptism. Karimy was 29 years old, and is given as the wife of Joseph Hanna, merchant of the parish.
• There is then a marriage record in Oka, County Deux-Montagnes, Quebec, for Joseph Hanna, merchant living in St. Zenon, widower of Karimy Shaar; and Salomia Shaar, living in Oka. The date is 28 April 1919.
• Heartbreakingly, there's a burial record for Marie Dorice in St. Zenon, 3 June 1919, age six months, daughter of Joseph Hanna and Kerimy Shaar of that parish.
• There's another baptism record, on 15 April 1921, from St. Nicholas Syrian Orthodox church in Montreal, Quebec: Gladys Hanna, daughter of Joseph Hanna and Salamia Shaar from Sheba Syria [emphasis mine]. Godmother was Rahme Hanna from Sheba Syria; godfather was Elias Saber of Rashaya Al-Wady Syria. Given that Rahme's last name is Hanna and she's also from Shebaa, the odds are good that she's related to Joseph.
• Going back in time a bit from Gladys, there's a baptism record in St. Zenon for Alfred Geoffrey Hanna, December 1915, son of Joseph Hanna, merchant, and Karenny Shaar of that parish.
• Again in St. Zenon, there's a baptism for Mathilda Amanda Hanna, born and baptised 22 January 1917, daughter of Joseph Hanna, merchant, and Karemie Shaar of that parish.

So at this point, I had the following information about Joseph Hanna, the nephew of Annie Nicholl, where Annie is suspected to be the "aunt of Zaidan" who married my great-granduncle Nicola and had one son, Ferris: By 1921, Joseph had children Felix Joseph (1913), Alfred Geoffrey (1915), and Mathilda Amanda (1917) by his first wife Karimy Shaar, and Gladys (1921) by his second wife Salamia Shaar.

The National Archives of Australia then provides a terrific record entry for an immigration application. The date is 1925, the applicant is Annie Nicholl, and the people she wants to bring into Australia are surnamed "Stanuze" (no idea why), but the names are, for the most part, an incredible match: Salamia, Felix, Albert, Geoffrey, Amanda, Gladys, and an infant aged 2 months; all of Canadian nationality. So clearly, this is the point when Annie gets Joseph and his family to join her in Australia. 

And I don't think it's a coincidence that this document is dated the same year her son Fares died. The way I interpret this is that Annie was a survivor; she'd lost her husband and her very beloved son, was without heirs, was without family around her, and needed someone to love and to live for. There's even another application by Annie Nicholl in 1925, for permission to bring her sister-in-law "Mrs. Habib Joseph" and three children Suonia, Wadza and Saleem to Australia; but since Joseph Hanna appears to have been Annie's sole heir, I suspect this other set of relatives never ended up coming to Australia. So in 1925, Annie was trying to make things happen for herself, and was reaching out to all kinds of family to find someone to give her a reason to get up in the morning. I'm happy to say it looks like she found it with the Joseph Hannas.

But notice that the application to bring Joseph's family over also mentioned an infant, aged two months. So I found that baptism record from Quebec, too. The church was again St. Nicholas Syrian Orthodox in Montreal. The baby was named George and was born on 3 June 1925, and baptised 11 July 1925. The baby's parents were Joseph Abdalla Hanna and Salamia Shaar, of Sheba Syria. The best part? The godfather is, get this, Zaidan Hanna, of Montreal.

Yes. In following the paper trail for Annie, who is suspected to be the same person as a woman who, according to my Auntie Jean, is the "aunt of Zaidain", whom do I run into but a Zaidan Hanna, godfather of a baby for whom Annie is a grand-aunt. Supposing for a moment that this Zaidan Hanna is Joseph Hanna's brother (meaning that Annie is his aunt just as much as she is Joseph's), then Annie suddenly becomes the "aunt of Zaidain" not merely by oral history, but by documentable fact!

Could I find a paper trail to prove that relationship, though?

Oh, just watch me.

Firstly, I found the death index record for Joseph's son Geoffrey: Jeffrey Hannah; died Fitzroy, Victoria; age 60; registration year 1977 (so birth year of about 1917, which is perfect); parents Albert Joseph and Salemia Shaar. This tells us that Joseph may also have gone by the name Albert, which he may have chosen later in life as an anglicization of "Abdullah". 

Geoffrey's death record leads us to Joseph's death index record: Joseph Albert Hannah; died Brunswick, Victoria; age 85; registration year 1964 (so birth year of about 1879), father's name Albert, mother's name Rahme.

So Joseph's mother is Rahme. Remember that the godmother of Joseph's daughter Gladys was named Rahme Hanna. Maybe that was Joseph's mother. 

So, can I find any more information about Rahme Hanna living in Quebec? Yes - her burial record:

St. Nicholas Syrian Orthodox church, Montreal, Quebec
On the Fourteen day of June 1928, died in Montreal Que. Rahmey Hanna aged 73 years from Sheba Syria, wife of Abdalla Hanna and daughter of Joseph Habib and Tahla Habib from Sheba Syria, and she was buried by me in Mount Royal Cemetery Montreal Que on the Fifteen day of June 1928 in the presence of George Hanna and Assad Hanna of Montreal Que. This act was read to the parties who signed below.

Let that sink in for a bit.

1. Joseph Hannah's full name is Joseph Abdalla Hannah, but later he went by Joseph Albert Hanna.
2. Joseph Hannah's father's name was given in Joseph's death index record as Albert Hanna. So presumably, Joseph's father's real first name is Abdallah.
3. Joseph Hanna's mother's name was given in Joseph's death index record as Rahme.
4. And here we have a Rahmey Hanna dying in Quebec (where Joseph's children were born), and listed as the wife of Abdalla Hanna. And her birth year calculates out to about 1855, which is good timing to be Joseph's mother since Joseph was born around 1879 according to his death index record.

So I would say it's safe to conclude that this Rahmey Hanna who died in 1928 in Montreal is Joseph's mother.

And did you notice also the name of Rahme's father? Joseph Habib. Do you remember the name of Annie Nicholl's father from her naturalization file? Joseph Habeeb. It looks very much like Rahme and Annie were sisters, which would certainly explain how Annie is Joseph's aunt. 

And the absolute smoking gun for all these conclusions comes from Annie Nicholl's death index record: Annie Nicholls; died Carlton, Victoria; age 78; registration year 1930 (so birth year of about 1852), father's name Joseph Habeeb, mother's name Tahala. And Rahmey Hanna's burial record gave her mother's name as Tahla.

Thus, we have the nephew/aunt relationship between Joseph Hanna and Annie Nicholl all sewn up. Annie Nicholl is Joseph Hanna's aunt because Annie's sister Rahme is Joseph Hanna's mother.

But...I still haven't connected up this Zaidan Hanna.

Well, remember back in Felix Joseph Hanna's baptism record, his godfather was listed as his uncle, John Hanna? So, given the last name of Hanna, John must be Joseph's brother. Thus, John's parents would also presumably be Abdalla Hanna and Rahme Habib. 

Sure enough, in Montreal at St. Nicholas Syrian Orthodox church, we find a marriage record on 13 October 1924 between John Hanna, age 29, son of Abdalla Hanna and Rahmé Habib of Shebaa Syria; and Florence (Zaine) Chowairi. This tells us that John was born around 1895. 

And remember that Rahme was born around 1855? Well, I then found a Canadian passenger list from July 1910 for a widow, Abdullah Rahmeh Hanna, age 50 (1860); a boy, Abdulla Hanna, age 15 (1895); and a girl, Shahen Hamad, age 11 (1899); all of Orthodox religion, coming to Montreal, Quebec. This could be Rahme, her son John, and maybe a niece or something, arriving from Lebanon after Rahme's husband Abdalla died. This idea seems to be corroborated by a household in the 1911 Canadian census, in St. Michel des Saints, Quebec:

• Hanna, Georges, male, head, married, born July, age 29, born in Syria, arrived in Canada 1901, naturalized, Syrian race, Canadian nationality, Roman Catholic religion (this was often what orthodox Christian Syrians practiced in Canada if they couldn't worship at a Syrian Orthodox church), merchant
• Hanna, Marry, female, wife, married, born May, age 22, born in Syria, arrived in 1905, naturalized, Syrian race, Canadian nationality, Roman Catholic
• Hanna, Najeebé, female, daughter, single, born March, age 4, born in Quebec, Syrian race, Canadian nationality, Roman Catholic
• Hanna, Najeib, male, son, single, born November, age 2, born in Quebec, Syrian race, Canadian nationality, Roman Catholic
• Hanna, Adélard, male, son, single, born January, age 4 months, born in Quebec, Syrian race, Canadian nationality, Roman Catholic
• Hanna, Ruth, female, mother, widow, born February, age 54, born in Syria, arrived in 1910, naturalized, Syrian race, Canadian nationality, Roman Catholic
• Hanna, JeaneBaptiste, male, brother, single, born July, age 16, born in Syria, arrived in 1910, Syrian race, Roman Catholic, occupation "Commis"

There are a lot of things that match here, if you assume that Ruth = Rahme and JeaneBaptiste = John. Yes, I'm making assumptions, but if true, this would give us another brother of Joseph Abdalla Hanna: George, who married Marry and had Najeebé, Najeib, and Adélard. 

To support this theory, I tried to find out more, and found...

• Adélard's baptism record, in St. Michel des-Saints, County Berthier, Quebec. He was born and baptised 16 January 1911, son of George Hanna, merchant, and Marie Zencoull, of St. Michel des Saints.
• Baby Adélard's burial record (I hate coming across this sort of thing; hate it), also in St. Michel des-Saints. He was buried 18 September 1911, and is given again as the son of George Hanna and Marie Zencoull; age eight months. Present were George Hanna, Alexandre Hanna and others.
• What is likely to be Najeib's baptism record, in St. Nicholas Syrian Orthodox church, Montreal, Quebec. Given the information in the 1911 census and Adélard's baptism and burial records, we expect Najeib to have been born in November 1908 (1911 Canada census was taken in June) to parents George Hanna (whom I'm theorizing at this point is a son of Abdalla Hanna and Rahme Habib) and Marie Zencoull. What we get in this baptism record, though, is slightly different from expcted, but still really similar: Naguib Abdalla, born 10 November 1908, baptised 8 February 1909 in Trois-Rivières, parents Zedan Abdalla and Habouba Zankoul, from Chiba.

It's this last record which is both disheartening and exciting at the same time. On the one hand, the baby's first name is as expected, his birth date is as expected, his mother's maiden name is as expected, and his parents' native village is also as expected. On the other hand, the mother's first name is completely different - Habouba instead of Marie; the surname is completely different - Abdalla instead of Hanna; and the father's first name is not George. BUT! The father's name is Zedan! 

There are a lot of coincidences among the 1911 census record for the family of Georges Hanna and the baptism and burial records for Adélard; compared to the baptism record for Naguib Abdalla: Najeib's first name (spelling variations notwithstanding), the month and year of his birth, and the mother's maiden name of Zankoul. This seems pretty likely to be all for the same family, especially when you take into account that the surname in Naguib's baptism record, Abdalla, is the same as George's father's first name (which we have because the 1911 census tells us that George's mother is Ruth, who seems to be the same person as Rahme, wife of Abdulla). I've seen this happen a lot in this culture; for example, my great-grandfather Markus' oldest daughter Mary's arrival record in Canada has her surname as Marcos instead of Hanna; but it's definitely her because she lists her mother Zahra Marcos in Shebaa as her nearest relative in her country of origin. 

If true, then:

• George = Zedan. (And also, Marie = Habouba.) 
• George/Zedan is a son of Abdalla Hanna and Rahme Habib, and a brother of Joseph and John Hanna
• It's already been established that Joseph Hanna is the nephew of Annie Nicholl
• Therefore, Annie Nicholl is an "aunt of Zedan"
• Since Annie Nicholl is an aunt of Zedan, and she had a husband named Nicholl, and she had an only son named Faris, and she ended up in Australia, she must be the same person as the woman who, according to my Auntie Jean, was an aunt of Zaidain, the wife of Nicola Hanna, the mother of one son named Ferris, and ended up in Australia.

One final document makes the George = Zedan theory more solid: it's the baptism record of John Hanna's son Abdalla. You remember that I had found the record for John Hanna's marriage to Florence (Zaine) Chowairi in 1924; well, here's the baptism record of someone who is definitely the child of that marriage, only the surname is given as Abdalla, not Hanna:

St. Nicholas Syrian Orthodox church, Montreal, Quebec
On the first day of August one thousand nine hundred and twenty five was born in Montreal, Que. Abdalla, son of John Abdalla and Zainé Chouairi, both of Shaba Syria, residents of Montreal Que. and he was baptized and registered by me in Montreal, Que. on the twenty second day of November one thousand nine hundred and twenty five in the presence of Salim Shoffey, godfather, of Montreal, Que. and Gazalé Dirmianos, godmother of Montreal, Que.

This is proof that a son of Abdullah Hanna (specifically John) did at least once go by the surname of Abdalla in documentation, rather than going by the surname Hanna. And if John did it, it's not a stretch that his brother George could do it too.

TL;DR: After a long and winding paper trail, we find good evidence for my Auntie Jean's throwaway statement that my great-granduncle Nicola's wife was the "aunt of Zaidain".

Future task: Were the Abdalla Hannas related to my Hannas? I have no clue...yet! But you can bet that I'll try to find out!

Making the lost un-lost

(Updated August 25 as I found some more records)

In 1988, around when I first got started on my family tree research, one of my paternal uncles spent a tremendous amount of time dictating to me all his notes on the family that he'd gleaned, I assume, by talking to older relatives.

He gave me a run-down on my Sperling great-grandparents, 2x-great-grandparents, and the siblings of my Sperling great-grandparents. I wrote it all down faithfully. What he gave me that day is the core of the research I have now - over the years since, I've found a variety of documentation to confirm, refute, and expand what I wrote down that afternoon.

One of the information pieces I've always found distressingly insufficient was the story of my great-grandmother Teodora Grün's brother Samuel. It went something like this: "Samuel's entire family was killed in the Holocaust, except for two sons, Isaac and Moses, who live in Haifa, Israel."

Samuel's wife and the names of all his other children, and any grandchildren he might have had, were completely unknown. And as I got better at finding primary sources, I was able to find lots of documentation on other siblings of Teodora, but full information on Samuel was always elusive. Until...today.

Firstly, some background on what documentation I was able to find which gives information for Samuel.

(All Nowy Sacz document scans are from www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl, by the way.)

1. He shows up on the 1890 census of the town of Nowy Sacz, Poland, along with my great-grandmother and a bunch of their other siblings.

Here we have my 2x-great-grandparents David and Rifke Grün with children Samuel (1863), Golda (1873), Hermann (1877), Roza (1878), Teodora (1880), Laje (1882), and Sime (1884)

2. He shows up on the 1870 census of the town of Nowy Sacz, Poland.

Here we have again my 2x-great-grandparents David and Rifke Grün with children Samuel (1866), and Blüme (1869). Source: jewishgen.org

3. Most recently, I found his birth record.

Left-hand side, fourth from the bottom. Actual birth date turns out to be October 5, 1867.

That was it for documents where Samuel is or shares the focus. But there were some other documents which mentioned him peripherally:

4. When his mother immigrates to the United States in 1910, she lists him as her closest relative in her country of origin.

See line #11.

5. There is an application for admission to Australia made by my great-grandfather Leo Sperling (Teodora's husband) for his nephew Marcus Grün

Source: National Archives of Australia

Since Leo's wife Teodora's maiden name is Grün, it stands to reason that this Marcus Grün he's applying for admission to Australia for is his nephew because Marcus is the son of one of Teodora's brothers. According to my uncle, she had only two brothers: Samuel and Herman, and Herman had just one child, a daughter, Gertrude. So it is very likely that this Marcus is a son of Samuel, but not guaranteed...yet.

6. There is an arrival record for a Simche Grun coming to the United States in 1922, and, he lists his closest relative in the country he came from as his father Samuel Grun.

See line #2.

Of course, the question with this record is, how do I know that the Samuel Grun listed here is the same person as my Samuel Grun? (Having looked through various vital records from Nowy Sacz, I know that there's more than one Samuel Grün from there.) Answer: Because on page two, Simche lists the person he's going to join as his uncle Louis Bloom, living at 1520 Silver St., Bronx, New York. The street name was originally typed as "Siberry", but someone has crossed it out and written in "Silver" instead.

And it just so happens that Samuel and Teodora's sister Gizella (aka Golda from that 1890 census record above) married a man named Louis Bloom. On their marriage record his first name is given as Leon, but once they get to the United States, he consistently lists himself as Louis. Of particular interest is Louis's WWI draft registration card:

See the address where he and his wife Gizella are living? 1520 Seabury Place, New York City. Identical to the address which Simche Grun states his uncle Louis Bloom is living in 1922, spelling notwithstanding.

So that arrival record of Simche was an incredible find, because it at last gave me information about a child of Samuel's that I had not known about before.

Most unfortunately, I could not find Simche in the United States after his initial arrival; given the family story that all of Samuel's children except for Moses and Isaac perished in the Holocaust, I therefore assumed that Simche had returned to Poland. Also unfortunately, I didn't find anything else in Poland which could tell me more about Samuel's family - no marriage record, no birth records for children which I could definitively point to as being children of my Samuel Grün...nothing.

But today, I started finding documents that let me piece things together!!!

Clue #1: Birth record for Simche Grün/Lustbader

This matches Simche Grün from the 1922 arrival record:

• Same name
• Same town (Zalubincze is a sub-area of Nowy Sacz, as far as I've been able to make out)
• Right age (Simche from the arrival record was 20 in 1922 and Simche from this birth record was born April 1, 1902)
• Same father's name (I realize that Samuel isn't listed in the informational section for father; rather, he's listed in the notes. But this seems to be very typical for the births of children where the parents haven't been legally married even though they've had a wedding ceremony recognized by their community as binding the couple; birth index search results for these records at jewishgen.org list the man who's listed in the notes section of the original record as the father.)

This was an incredibly important record, because it finally gave me the name of Samuel's wife! Feige/Fani Lustbader, daughter of Kalmen Hersch Lustbader and Gitel Deutelbaum. This gave me the ability to go poring through birth records of Nowy Sacz before and after 1902 and to know with confidence whether any children of Samuel Grün that I might find were the right children. Which leads me to...

Clue #2: Birth record for Moses Grün/Lustbader

This was clearly a sibling of Simche Grün since the parents' names are the same. But also, it confirms the family story that one of Samuel's children was named Moses. This is one of the children who survived the Holocaust.

Clue #3: Birth record for Kalmen Hersch Grün/Lustbader

Another sibling for Simche and Moses!

Clue #4: Birth record for Marcus Grün/Lustbader

This record was a fantastic find because it confirmed that the Marcus Grün in my great-grandfather Leo's application for admission to Australia (above) was indeed a son of Samuel. Not only is the name a match, but Marcus in this birth record was born September 11, 1905, and my great-grandfather's application, dated 1925, said that his nephew Marcus Grün was 20 years old.

Clue #5: Marriage record for Samuel Grün and Feiga Buchsbaum

This is clearly a marriage record for my Samuel Grün since it gives his exact birth date which is a match to his birth record, and his parents' first names here are also a match. The weird thing here, though, is that his wife's surname, having been given as Lustbader in all those birth records for Samuel's children, is now suddenly Buchsbaum, even though her first name is still Feiga. Having said that, her mother's name listed here is Gütli, which is very similar to the name Gitel given in the other birth records, so I suspect what may have happened here is that Feiga's father died and her mother remarried to someone named Buchsbaum? I really don't think this is a brand new wife for Samuel who just happens to also be named Feiga, since he is listed as single on this marriage record and not a widower.

Clue #6: Birth record for Sara Grün

This is clearly a child of the couple from the marriage record (above) of Samuel Grün and Feiga Buchsbaum.

Clue #7: Birth records for twins Dawid and Isaak Grün

These are clearly two more children of the couple from the marriage record (above) of Samuel Grün and Feiga Buchsbaum. But also, it confirms the family story that one of Samuel's children was named Isaac. He is the other of the two children who survived the Holocaust.

So this is fantastic. I now had seven children of Samuel where previously I had just two!

It was now time to see whether I could start confirming the rest of the story, that everyone except for Isaac and Moses died in the Holocaust.

Holocaust record #1: Yad Vashem testimony for Symcha Grin

This seems very likely to be my Simche Grün:

• Spelling notwithstanding, it's the same name
• Age is a match
• Town of birth is a match
• The occupation is a match to his 1922 United States arrival record

This is a very precious record to have because for the first time, we discover a grandchild of Samuel: Simche's daughter Vidushka, born about 1934. Simche's wife is Sima, here is her testimony record from Yad Vashem; she's the daughter of Moshe Rotershtein:

Holocaust record #2: Auschwitz forced laborers, Markus Lustbader

Source: jewishgen.org

This is clearly my Marcus Grün due to the parents' names being Samuel Grün and Fany Lustbader, not to mention that his birthdate here is an exact match to his birth record; plus the birthplace of Nowy Sacz (aka Neusandez). This is also a great record to have because it shows us that Marcus got married; his wife is Esther Goldberg.

Holocaust record #3: Nowy Sacz forced laborers, Sara Grün

(At this point I started crying.)

Source: jewishgen.org

This is extremely likely to be my Sara Grün due to the name match, the location of Nowy Sacz, and because her birthdate here is the same as in her birth record; it's just one year off, which could be due to a transcription error. 

Holocaust record #4: Auschwitz prisoners, Markus Lustbader

Lustbader, Markus (prisoner number: 117613) born: 1905-09-11, place of birth: Neusandez

Sources:
1. Personalbogen

This is the result of a search of Auschwitz prisoners at the Auschwitz Memorial and Museum. We know from the record of Auschwitz forced laborers (above) that Markus, under the surname of Lustbader, ended up in Auschwitz, and again here we see repeated his exact birthdate and town of birth.

Holocaust record #5: Mozes Grün on a list of Jewish refugees from Poland in the Soviet Union who were evacuated to Tehran

This is a match to my Moses Grün from his birth record (above) on his name, spelling notwithstanding, the town of Nowy Sacz, and the same birthday, although the year is off here by two. Also, this confirms the family story that Moses survived the war.

So, the story so far:

• Samuel Grün, b 5-Oct-1867 in Zalubincze, Poland, married Feige Lustbader. Children:
• Kalmen Hersch Grün, b 27-Dec-1899 in Zalubincze, Poland
• Simche Grün, b 1-Apr-1902 in Zalubincze, Poland, married Sima Rotershtein, d 1942 at Belzec. Children:
• Viduskha Grün, b about 1934, d 1942 at Belzec.
• Moses Grün, b 25-Oct-1903 in Zalubincze, Poland, evacuated as a refugee to Tehran during the war, moved to Haifa, Israel after the war
• Marcus Grün, b 11-Sep-1905 in Zalubincze, Poland, musician, married Esther Goldberg, sent to Auschwitz
• Sara Grün, b 18-Jan-1908 in Zalubince, Poland, participated in forced labour workshops in Nowy Sacz and was likely sent from there to Belzec
• Dawid Grün, b 1-Jan-1911 in Nowy Sacz, Poland
• Isaac Grün, b 1-Jan-1911 in Nowy Sacz, Poland, moved to Haifa, Israel after the war

What a difference this is from where I started: with almost nothing.

What's next?

I'm going to see if I can find birth records for any other potential children of Samuel, as well as marriage records for the children of Samuel and possibly even birth records for grandchildren. I will also keep searching at Yad Vashem to see if I can find more members of this family mentioned there. 

I want to know who these people were, and to name them, so that their lives will never be forgotten.

A new research direction

I recently discovered some records that are pretty exciting, and may eventually allow me to answer some long-mysterious questions and break through some brick walls on one of my family lines.

First, the necessary background information. In my father's mother's mother's family, we have:

1. Goldroads!

My 2x-great-grandfather was named Elias (or Hillel) Goldroad. In addition to that, Elias's cousin Jacob Goldroad married Mary Miklisanski, who is the sister of Elias's wife Annie Mikshomski (yes, Miklisanski = Mikshomski; it also, according to lots of different records, = Mikleshonok, Meckshanski, Michelshousky, the list goes on and on, and it doesn't help matters that some of the siblings went by Dubowski instead; you can read more about that whole saga in The Five Dubowskis).

The highlighted sisters (Annie and Mary) married two men (both surnamed Goldroad) who were cousins to each other. Annie married Elias, and Mary married Jacob.

Specifically, our Goldroads come from Slavuta, in Volhynia, Ukraine. We see this consistently in various records we have for the family.

• Nancy Goldroad (the daughter of Elias Goldroad and Annie Mikshomski, who is also my great-grandmother) listed her birthplace as "Shivuta" on her oldest son's birth record.
• When Elias Goldroad's wife Annie Mikshomski remarried after his death, the Hebrew marriage record stated that she was from Sloviyat.
• The Australian certificate of naturalization for Jacob Goldroad (Mary Miklisanski's husband) gives his birthplace as Slavuta.
• The death record for Jacob Goldroad gives his birthplace as Sluvitta.
• When Jacob Goldroad and Mary Miklisanski got married, the Hebrew marriage record gave Slavitta as his origin.

We even see Slavuta referenced in records for people we have been told by older relatives are connected to our Goldroads. A possible nephew of Elias Goldroad, Myer Gold, lists Myer's birthplace as Shalwta on his marriage record.

2. Barripps!

Jacob Goldroad very clearly changed his family's name (himself, his wife, and his children) to Barripp. Nobody seems to know why, but he did. 

When he went by Goldroad

When he went by Barripp

1882: His marriage record 1890: Birth certificate for one of his daughters 1891: England census 1892: Passenger list immigrating to Australia (as Goldrad) 1893: Australian Immigration Deposit Journals 1899: Birth index entry for his son Samuel 1900: Sydney, NSW, Australia Sands Directory 1901: Australia census 1902: Australian naturalization certificate 1902: Sydney, NSW, Australia Sands Directory 1903: Wedding announcement for one of his daughters 1903-1905: Sydney, NSW, Australia Sands Directories

1910, 1913, 1914, 1919: New Zealand electoral rolls 1921: Engagement announcement for one of his sons 1922: Marriage notice for one of his sons 1925: Various records of his death

And of course these Barripps are also connected to Slavuta. A number of the documents listed above for Goldroads which mention Slavuta are for Jacob Goldroad, whom we know changed his surname to Barripp sometime between 1905 and 1910.

3. Melameds!

This surname being connected to our family is much more shaky and not based on any documentation that I've yet been able to find, but:

• Family history passed down to us says that Elias Goldroad's brother was known with the surname Melamed and the surname Gold.
• An Ancestry tree I found (yes, I know, highly unreliable, but it demonstrates a trend) also says that brother of Elias Goldroad went by the surname Melamed.

There's a whole family tree structure branching off of this brother of Elias Goldroad that was given to me. I've been trying to corroborate it with documentation, and have been having some success - certainly the people in that family branch exist, and so far the family tree structure seems to be correct, too. I just haven't been able to demonstrate that this "Melamed/Gold" progenitor is a brother of my 2x-great-grandfather Elias Goldroad.

But what's very interesting is that this branch of Melameds or Golds also have a connection to Slavuta. One of the supposed sons of this progenitor is named Myer Gold, and his marriage seems to give his birthplace as Slavuta!

Scan of Myer Gold and Rachel Sternberg nee Joffe's 1933 marriage record, with Myer's birthplace highlighted in red

So, with all that under our belt, we move to the new documentation I found. These three records are what I found exciting:

1. Ellis Island arrival record, January 22, 1910

First page of 1910 arrival record; Josef is highlighted in red

Second page of 1910 arrival record; Josef is highlighted in red

A man named Josef Baraph arrives at Ellis Island, New York, New York, USA. He sailed from Bremen on January 8, aboard the SS Zutin. He is 21 years old (b. abt 1889), male, single. His occupation is given as "box maker skilled printer". His last permanent residence was Slawuta (Slavuta). He was born in Slawuta. His closest contact in the country he came from is his father, Pinchas Baraph, in Slawuta, Wollhyniez (Volhynia), Russia. He is headed for Boston, Massachusetts. His closest contact in the USA is his brother Nathan Goldrud, 27 Wall St., Boston, Massachusetts. 

2. Ellis Island arrival record: March 27, 1906

March 1906 arrival record; Sisiel is highlighted in red

A woman named Sisiel Barak arrives at Ellis Island, New York, New York, USA. She sailed from Rotterdam on March 12th, aboard the SS Ryndam. She is 20 years old (b. abt 1886), female, single, no occupation. Her last permanent residence was Slawuta (Slavuta). She is heading for Boston, Massachusetts. Her closest contact in the US is her brother, N. Goldrud, Box 648, Maynard, Massachusetts.

3. Ellis Island arrival record: December 1, 1906

December 1906 arrival record; Pinches is highlighted in red

A man named Pinches Melamed arrives at Ellis Island, New York, New York, USA. He sailed from Hamburg on November 16, aboard the SS Pretoria. He is 20 years old (b. abt 1886), male, single. His occupation is given as sailor. His last permanent residence was Slawute (Slavuta). He was born in Slewute. He is heading for Boston, Massachusetts. His closest contact in the US is his cousin, Nathan Goldrad, 13 Maynard St., Boston, Massachusetts. 

So with these three records, we have a man named Nathan Goldrud, who is a brother of Baraphs/Baraks and a cousin to a Melamed, and we know that the Baraphs/Baraks and Melamed in question are from Slavuta. It is so very likely that this is my family!

I unfortunately haven't been able to connect things up the line very much further, although I have been able to connect things sideways.

Joseph's marriage record identifies his mother's name as Bela. And that information allowed me to find more siblings of Nathan, Joseph and Sisiel:

1. Jennie

Her death certificate gives her parents as Pinca Barap and Bala.

2. Ethel/Hetla

• Her death certificate gives her parents as Pincus Barap and Bala.
• Her 1921 arrival record gives her last permanent residence and birthplace as Slawuta; as well, her closest contact in the country she came from is given as friend Ola Demalciuk in Slawuta, Wolynien (Volhynia). 
• Her naturalization record gives her birthplace as Slarowta.
• Her transcribed marriage record gives her parents as Pinkus Barpin and Bella Katchkom (there is obviously some very VERY bad transcribing going on here; unfortunately I don't have access to the original image to see what "Katchkom" actually might be).

3. Kele

She is listed on Ethel/Hetla's previously-mentioned arrival record as her closest contact in the USA: Sister Kele Spiegel, 852 Rendolph St., Philadelphia.

From here, I'm somewhat stymied because I'm having a really hard time tracking these people in the US - some of them cannot be found on census records, and I seriously cannot find this Nathan Goldrud person in Boston anywhere, although this might be his petition for naturalization (I notice that although his name is written in the form as Goldrud, he signs it Goldroad). 

I've also tried going back to the old country, using various online resources to try and find the parents of all these people (i.e. Pinchas Barap and Bella Katchkom), with no luck. Have also tried substituting the surnames Goldroad and Melamed and still no joy.

But I still think this is a very interesting start, and I intend to keep hunting!

Up in arms

Recently, I finished my big database transfer of my genealogical research of my family, from ancient software to more modern software. Actually it wasn't so much a transfer as a complete re-do of all my work, in order to use the better research techniques I've been honing over the past several years. Anyway, it was quite a triumph to be finished, but that just meant that I needed to turn around and do the same thing for the research on my husband's family. That's going to take way longer, because he's from more easily-researchable parts of the world.

One of those parts of the world is England, and one of his lines actually links up with Burke's Peerage, which lets me go even further back. It also lets me use other toff-centred documentation, such as Arthur Collins's "The peerage of England".

And this is where my story begins.

Hubby's 16th-great-grandfather is Sir Robert le Grosvenor. Collins talks quite a bit about this guy - he was Sheriff of Cheshire at least twice; served as harbenger to Sir James d'Audley; served as lieutenant to the Black Prince; was present at the battle at Nájera in Spain; basically everything a 14th-century nobleman is supposed to be.

But also, he was involved as the defendant in an extensive trial that lasted for four years. Why? What had he done?

Apparently, in 1385, when King Richard II invaded Scotland, it was finally discovered that the Grosvenors and another noble family (represented by the plaintiff, Sir Richard le Scrope) had been using the same arms FOR CENTURIES.

The heraldry in question: Azure, one bend or

Le Scrope freaked out and brought the case to a military court - apparently one of the first cases of heraldic law to be raised in England. An unbelievable number of witnesses were called, and reams of documents were consulted. Grosvenor's position was that his family had been authorized to bear those arms since William the Conqueror rose to power in 1066. Scrope claimed that his family had borne the arms since the time of King Arthur (shyah, right).

After years of all this, the judges finally decided that Scrope could keep his arms, and Grosvenor had to change his to also include a Bordure d'Argent (specifically, a silver border).

Grosvenor went into a complete snit over this judgment and appealed his case to the King. This meant having to review the entire proceedings all. over. again! Finally, the King gave Grosvenor the option of either doing the bordure thing, or, instead of that, substituting the bend with a garb. Grosvenor chose to go with the golden sheaf of wheat, and the family has apparently never looked back.

Sir Robert de Grosvenor's new arms: Azure, a Garb Or

Actually, I shouldn't say that. There have been a few passive-aggressive bitter references to it over the years. For example, apparently the first Duke of Westminster, a Grosvenor, won The Derby in 1880 with a thoroughbred racehorse named Bend Or.

(lol)

Feel like reading all about it? And I do mean all about it - there are five hundred and eleven pages to go through; you can check out The Controversy between Sir Richard Scrope and Sir Robert Grosvenor in the Court of Chivalry, A.D. MCCCLXXXV - MCCCXC Volume II containing A History of the Family of Scrope, and Biographical Notices of the Deponents. (And oh mah gawd, if that's volume 2, that means there's a volume 1 out there as well.)